Scientists are pretty sure the Universe started with the Big Bang. But the furthest back in time we can explore is 370,000 years after spacetime began. So, how do we measure the Big Bang, and how could our favorite friends – neutrinos – revolutionize our understanding of the early universe? Physicist Dr. Kirsty Duffy explores the cosmic neutrino background on #EvenBananas.
Links:
Even Bananas playlist:
Why do tacos (and the Universe) exist? episode:
WHOA A SUPERNOVA! episode:
All Things Neutrino:
Fermilab physics 101:
https://www.fnal.gov/pub/science/particle-physics-101/index.html
Fermilab home page:
https://fnal.gov
Production Credits:
Host: Kirsty Duffy
Writers: Kirsty Duffy, Ryan Postel, Maddi Langweil, Lauren Biron
Science Advisors: Andre De Gouvea, Jessica Turner
Director/Editor/Animator: Ryan Postel
Camera/Audio Production: Luke Pickering
Additional Imagery: NASA, Diana Brandonisio
Theme Song: Scott Hershberger
0:00-0:38 – Intro
0:38-2:05 – The Big Bang
2:05-3:16 – Cosmic Neutrino Background
3:16-5:48 – Cosmological redshift
5:48-6:20 – Ptolemy experiment
6:20-6:57 – Conclusion
6:57-7:38 – Fun Fact
44 Comments
The earliest neutrinos have escaped so that they are now out of our present universe.
Why couldn’t the Big Bang or even inflation be caused by matter and antimatter colliding with one another?
Please explain as though talking to a layman 🙏
💚💙🧡🖤🖤
Like how u use the words possibly and estimate. So in other words u are guessing.. So really everything you say could be bollox.. But you say it as u know that's what happened.. But it all could be crap. 😂😂
We will measure the CNB about the same time that we will build matter/antimater powered spaceships
I really do not understand why physicists call big bang event as beginning of time, Image in the video at 1:38 shows 10^-32 seconds later for plasma stage then second later but at that point there was no matter means no time. If we are using post matter created & light started escaping then time existed & using reference this as measurement to pre matter creation then why don’t physicists use same analogy to describe pre big bang time period & events similar to years months days existed before Jesus. Just because we are using christian calendar doesn’t mean that there was no time or months or years pre Jesus.
Big Bang is not time creation
Time existed Pre Big Bang. Post Big Bang the instrument to measure the time was created not the time itself.
Please tell your video people that you are "Dr. Kristy Duffy," not just "Kristy Duffy." You put in the time and effort to deserve the title, and I think that viewers will respect that. (I do note that other Fermilab lecturers include "Dr." in their video descriptions.)
I never expected there to be neutrinos of different speeds. I've only ever heard of them traveling at relativistic speeds, to the point that I figured they were a lot like photons: basically one speed, but without getting stuck in stars
What? They don’t travel at the speed of light? Could you better explain why it is so?
You just polish a can of beef stew, gotta get in the can and scrub it, like hell. Then you put the can in DI water, think it's about $1.50 buck for a gallon. Put it in the microwave for ever, tons of neutrinos. It's a bout copy and paste, the red metal bits copy the higher dimensions like a floppy disk with dinosaur bones in a Cresent well, oh Carlos oh Muhamed oh Judah oh Jose oh Moses oh Ramses now you shine ultraviolet from a cyclotron through a fuzed Masonite microwave window.
So these old slow low energy neutrinos would be light, individually, but how many are there? So how heavy are they in total? Like, dark-matter-candidate heavy?
And this red-shift bizzo – neutrinos slow and everything's wavelength increases, so everything has less energy, but where does that energy go to?
I don't understand. If the theory is that the big bang happened 13.8 billion years ago and nothing can go faster than the speed of light, how is the measurable universe 72 billion light-years in distance?
The most interesting thing about early universe is that if we were able to see light from the very beginning of the big bang, anywhere we look deep into the cosmos we would see the same point in space & time.
thanks to that squeek, i can no longer hear my baby crying. i would say thank you but the funeral is next week.
Quite extraordinary. Now are these first-generation neutrinos slow enough today to elicit a phenomenon analogous to photons' Cherenkov radiation at a neutron star's heart?
Excellent. A couple of questions from my very limited knowledge if you could spare some minutes to answer: To my knowledge Why is it Neutrinos seem not fitting in the Standard Model, and if so, why?…the other is I guess if this CNB, and super low energy neutrino could led into a new kind of astronomy , similar to that of Gravitational waves did some years ago, and if so when do you think could happen. And maybe the facilities and apparatus for this neutrino astronomy could be monumentally big?…thanks
The 85 km per second for big bang neutrinos sounds fast, but the Parker solar probe can clock 110km per second. Earth I think fact is moving at 400-800kmps relative the the CMB, with milky way at 600kmps ?
That we are here.
Maybe it's just a pet peeve of mine, but it irks me immensely when content makers who are supposed to be experts, or at the absolute least well informed about the subject matter, use language or phrasing that is inaccurate or which leads to or reinforces the common misunderstandings held by the general public.
Saying that the universe began with or at the Big Bang just isn't true. The BB is what happened immediately After what we can project was the "beginning" of our spacetime; that is to say that we are fairly certain that a singularity was our "beginning". The Big Bang was the period of rapid expansion Following that primary singularity.
I'm sure that I'm telling you something which you already know, with regard to the science involved here. I'm just asking that you be clearer in your descriptions, and more precise with your choice of words, because a large chunk of your audience will take what they hear from you, and then run with it, forever convinced that they "know facts" because they saw it on a reputable YouTube channel.
Like it or not, you have this responsibility. You put it on your own shoulders the moment you made and named the channel with a scientific name.
Rant completed.
Other than this particular point, I liked your video.
Could these early universe neutrino's be a candidate for dark matter?
Could you please explain more detailed how and why neutrinos get redshifted AND slower? Light loses energy only by redshift so why cant neutrinos? is it because they have mass and photons don't?
Dr Duffy, there’s indirect evidence for the cosmic neutrino background (CNB). Would directly detecting CNB neutrinos using experiments on Earth be decades away and very expensive? 🍌🍌🍌💕☮🌎🌌
It used to be that gravitational waves could not be detected. Go for the CNB! I hope to see some substantial progress in my lifetime.
Another excellent, intelligible and fascinating video from Fermilab. Kudos and thanks to you guys for sharing your amazing expertise for we non-scientists. Very much appreciated
With very slow Neutrinos, do you think there's been enough time for them to arrive on Earth to paint a complete picture of the CNB?
three ( 3 ) formula is ok , seven ( 7 ) formula is missing
I brought back the information 8 , 9 , 9 ,8
üç (3) formül tamam, yedi (7) formül eksik
8 , 9 , 9 ,8 ilmini geri getirdim
Can you make a different twin paradox example using A, B, and C experiencing different gravity? Maybe all three are stationary to all observers. Then a black hole moves through the single frame of reference, with A, B, and C at different distances from the black hole.
The gravity of the black hole attracts the three observers A, B, and C. Normally this would make the observers closest to the black hole appear to move faster, relative to a fourth observer. But remember in this example all three appear stationary to all observers. So for example, if A is closest to the black hole, A must accelerate away from the black just enough to have no apparent motion relative to itself or any other observers. The same for B and C, although they will require less acceleration to appear stationary because they are farther away from the black hole.
After the black hole passes, all observers agree to have observed no motion. However, observer A will have experienced less time than B and C.
Cool
Sounds interesting. I always thought that one of the most sensitive electron detectors was a photo-multiplier tube (after it converts a photon into an electron). Some solid tritium compound sensitive to neutrinos, instead of the usual photon sensitive material at the first stage?
Fred Hoyle also thought flu epidemics coincided with the sunspot cycle, with epidemics occurring at the minimum of the cycle. The idea was that flu contagion was scattered in the interstellar medium and reached Earth only when the solar wind had minimum power.
He thought fossil Archaeopteryx was a man-made fake. This assertion was definitively refuted by, among other strong indications, the presence of microcracks extending through the fossils into the surrounding rock.
And he supported the theory of abiogenic petroleum, held by Hoyle and by Thomas Gold, where natural hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas) are explained as the result of deep carbon deposits, instead of fossilized organic material. This theory is dismissed by the mainstream petroleum geochemistry community. (Wikipedia.)
I simply can’t watch the video. What I hear on my right headset and on my left headset are out of sync and it’s making my head hurt
Nice piece! The CNB concept was new to me, and I thank you for bringing it to my attention. My world is richer.
Would have liked an in-depth explanation of how you distinguish the neutrino-induced tritium beta decay from background tritium beta decay.
The experiment detection of CNB is groundbreaking, As non-relativistic neutrinos can prove to be dark matter.
❤️❤️❤️
Google says that escape velocity from the Milky Way is 550 km/sec. Is there a way that neutrinos doing 85 km/sec can be scattered and trapped gravitationally by the galaxy? Could these then contribute to 'dark matter?' Give Fermilab more money! I love Dr. Lincoln as well as the Lab's spokes-ladies of both kinds of matter.
Oh no, that weird crazy body language woman…. next video. Get a new presenter.
This video literally reminded me that I needed to pick up bananas 🍌 at the store. My mind is everywhere right now 😆😜
The most intresting is what happened just before.
How could we possibly detect Neutrinos from the CNB? They are slower than light, so they had not enough time to reach us in the first place. What's wrong with this idea?
You asked for a comment regarding neutrinos within the scope of this presentation (which I might add was quite lucid and very interesting). Here it is.
The fact that neutrinos existed one second after the Big Bang sure lends a lot of weight to their being truly fundamental particles when one considers the pretty much unimaginable temperature and density of the Universe at that moment.
Now, for a question: If these neutrinos started out at near relativistic velocities in an expanding spacetime, I get the red-shifting of their frequencies and the incredible decrease in their energy due to their escape before the inflationary period and 380,000 years ahead of the photons, but why the loss in velocity too? Is it because spacetime itself was expanding at what could arguably be said as superluminal velocities during the inflationary period?
I think the most fascinating thing about primordial cosmic background neutrinos is the prediction that their electron, muon, and tau phases may have decohered far enough from each other as to appear almost like three separate particles. It would be truly insightful to be able to measure this decoherence and to discover how these meta-particles act in comparison with familiar particles.
the most importand cosmic background is the cosmic gravitational wave background which could reveal to us from what the universe came from
Most interesting things about neutrinos (from my view):
– They could enable us to look into the core of stars, of supernovae and possibly even into the big bang.
– They are shapeshifters, constantly changing between the electron, muon and tau flavour, apparently without losing or gaining energy in the process (imagine quarks doing that).
– Those little introvert critters do in fact make a difference when they appear in insane quantities, e. g. On supernovae or, of course, in the big bang. They carry away enormous energy and exert neutrino pressure. Or, as the renowned physicists team Depeche Mode put it, "Everything counts in large amounts".